wall

Wall lettuce Lactuca muralis illustrated for Field Studies Council Urban Plants of Scotland fold-out guide

Purple toadflax Linaria purpurea illustrated for Field Studies Council Urban Plants of Scotland fold-out guide

Dry stone wall with Maidenhair spleenwort, Wall rue, and Soft Shield fern growing; all of which are Leptosporangiate ferns.  Polypoidy ferns growing on a distant tree behind.

Yorkshire fog Holcus lanatus plant with lemma, ligule, and spikelet detail

Pennywort Umbilicus rupestris showing round fleshy leaves and white flowers

Grimmia pulvinata and Tortula muralis moss growing on stone, both bearing spores. Details of individual spore capsules and individual leaves included

Hairy Bittercress Cardamine hirsuta with basal rosette of leaves, flowers, seed pods, and one dehising to show how the seeds are spread

Planting a climbing plant or vine in a container and providing it with support for growth

Example of a fruit tree grown into a fan pattern