sterile fronds

Resurrection fern Polypodium polypodioides pen and ink completed for Montserrat National Trust

Resurrection fern Pleopeltis or Polypodium polypodioides completed for Montserrat National Trust

Royal fern Osmunda regalis with both frond types

Parsley fern Cryptogramma crispa showing both forms of the frond

Hard fern Blechnum spicant with basal fronds and the paler erect fronds at the centre of the plnat, roots included