broadleaf woodland

Ash Fraxinus excelsior keys in autumn, having turned brown

Silver birch seeds with detail of one individual seed

Leaf and prickly seed case along with one chestnut

Scots pine Pinus sylvestris cones, one mature and one less ripe

Horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum conkers both in, and out of, their seed case

Small-leaved Lime leaf and seeds Tilia cordata with bract

Wych Elm Ulmus glabra leaf and seeds with close up of one seed

Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus winged seeds showing ripe and unripe paired seeds

London plane Platanus × acerifolia leaf and seeds, with details of individual seeds

Guelder rose Viburnum opulus leaf and fruit showing shiny red berries

Spindle Euonymus europaeus bright coloured autumn leaf and berries

Norway spruce Picea abies cone and individual seed

Hornbeam Carpinus betulus mature dry seed with bracts

Field maple Acer campestre sprig showing leaves and developing seeds and close up of mature seeds